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Anyone can call themselves an off-road instructor. The instructors at The Driving Company have credentials that can be independently verified.
Every TDC instructor is certified by the State of California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) in Emergency Vehicle Operations and off-road vehicle instruction. In addition, every instructor is required to complete POST Instructor Development training, providing formal preparation not only in driving, but in how to effectively teach complex vehicle-operation skills.
The Driving Company is the only private off-road training provider in California whose entire instructor team holds this level of state certification.
There is an important difference between being certified by an independent professional standards organization and holding a credential issued by an organization connected to the training provider itself. California POST establishes professional competency and instructional standards that our instructors must independently meet. We don't create our own instructor certification and then certify ourselves. Our instructors have been evaluated under standards established by an independent State of California commission responsible for professional training standards. For agencies seeking documented and defensible off-road EVOC training, and civilians looking for genuinely professional 4x4 and off-road driving instruction, that distinction matters.
Certification alone isn't enough. Every Driving Company instructor also brings many years of professional law enforcement or fire-service field experience to the training environment. Our instructors have operated and trained in real-world emergency-response environments, including law enforcement operations, fire strike teams, wildland fire operations, and off-road emergency vehicle response. That experience means the techniques we teach aren't based solely on recreational trail driving.
Our instructors understand what happens when difficult terrain is combined with time pressure, expensive equipment, changing conditions, limited traction, operational demands, and consequences for making the wrong decision.
The Driving Company has been professionally training off-road drivers since 2003.
Our instructors have trained personnel and instructors from more than 150 public safety agencies, including law enforcement, fire departments, search and rescue organizations, park personnel, military organizations, public utilities, and other professional vehicle operators. We train everything from Jeeps, pickups, SUVs, and electric 4x4s to large Type III wildland fire apparatus. We also train the professionals who work and respond in the same environments where our civilian students recreate.
When things go wrong off road, people call emergency responders. We train the people who come to get you.
Being a highly experienced off-road driver does not automatically make someone a good instructor. Driving and teaching are two different skills. TDC instructors are trained not only in off-road vehicle dynamics, terrain assessment, traction management, recovery, spotting, Mechanical Sympathy, and Emergency Vehicle Operations, but also in instructional techniques designed to help students actually develop and retain complex driving skills.
Our Lead Instructor, Dave Storton, holds a Master's Degree in Adult Education, and The Driving Company's training programs incorporate adult-learning principles, hands-on instruction, coaching, problem-solving, and realistic scenarios. We don't believe effective off-road training consists of having students follow an instructor's vehicle through obstacles.
Our job isn't to show you that we can drive off road. Our job is to teach you to do it.
When choosing an off-road driving school, look beyond claims such as "expert," "professional," or "certified."
Ask:
At The Driving Company, we're comfortable with those questions.
Our instructors are experienced professionals, independently state certified, formally trained as instructors, and trusted to train the people who operate off road when the stakes are considerably higher.
Read the individual instructor biographies below to learn more about each instructor's professional experience, California POST certifications, fire or law-enforcement background, specialized training, and off-road instructional experience.
Two men outdoors with a hose.

Dave currently teaches Emergency Vehicle Operations, EVOC Instructor Courses, Advanced EVOC Courses, Off-Road EVOC, and counter-terrorism and dignitary-protection driving. His expertise extends well beyond traditional EVOC. Dave teaches civilian off-road driving and overlanding courses, advanced off-road driving, vehicle recovery, and multi-day overland adventure training. He also teaches professional stunt drivers at Bobby Ore's Motion Picture Stunt Driving School.
With a Master's Degree in Adult Education, Dave brings an unusual combination of professional driving expertise and advanced knowledge of how adults learn complex physical skills. He teaches other professional instructors the principles of facilitation, instructional methodology, and adult learning.
Before focusing full-time on professional training, Dave completed a 30-year career in law enforcement, giving him extensive real-world experience that continues to shape his approach to emergency vehicle operations, risk management, decision-making, and driver training.
Dave's driving and instructional expertise has been featured on MythBusters, Fox News Channel's Fox Report, Discovery Channel, The New York Times, San Jose Mercury News, and Monterey Herald.
Today, Dave remains actively involved in professional EVOC instruction, off-road training, instructor development, civilian 4x4 training, and leading off-road adventures throughout the western United States.

Scot Smithee brings more than 35 years of law enforcement experience and extensive professional driver-training experience to The Driving Company. He is recognized by the State of California (POST) as an expert in Emergency Vehicle Operations and off-road vehicle instruction.
Scot serves as a lead driving instructor for multiple law enforcement academies and teaches EVOC Instructor Courses, preparing other professional instructors to safely and effectively train emergency vehicle operators.
His specialized driver training includes Off-Road EVOC, counter-terrorism and dignitary-protection driving, Pursuit Intervention Technique (PIT), emergency vehicle operations, and advanced driver training.
Scot holds a Bachelor's Degree in Organizational Behavior and a Master's Degree in Leadership, bringing an additional dimension to his work as an instructor. In addition to professional driver training, he teaches leadership and ethics, combining extensive field experience with a strong academic background in organizational leadership.
Scot served for many years as Chief of Police for the City of Gilroy, providing executive leadership for a full-service law enforcement agency. His experience as a police chief gives him an understanding not only of vehicle operations and training, but also of the responsibilities agencies face in developing effective, consistent, and defensible training programs.
His public-safety leadership experience also crosses traditional disciplines. Scot served as Interim Fire Chief for the City of Gilroy, giving him firsthand insight into both law enforcement and fire-service operations and the different demands placed on personnel, vehicles, instructors, and organizational leaders.
That combination of law enforcement command experience, fire-service leadership, professional driver training, and advanced education in leadership and organizational behavior brings a perspective to off-road EVOC training that is difficult to duplicate.
Scot is the recipient of both the prestigious Carnegie Medal and the U.S. Coast Guard Gold Lifesaving Medal for his actions while vacationing in Hawaii, where he helped save the lives of seven people.
These nationally recognized awards honor extraordinary lifesaving actions and reflect qualities that Scot also brings to professional training: sound judgment, leadership, situational awareness, and the ability to act effectively when circumstances become critical.
Read the story of how Scot helped save seven lives in Hawaii.
Today, Scot continues to train law enforcement officers, emergency vehicle operators, EVOC instructors, and off-road drivers, bringing decades of operational, instructional, command, and leadership experience to every course he teaches.
Wes Stanford brings more than 30 years of California law enforcement experience and more than 25 years as a California POST-certified Emergency Vehicle Operations instructor to The Driving Company. He has been a member of the TDC instructor team since 2015, providing professional off-road EVOC instruction to public safety personnel as well as civilian off-road drivers.
Wes is certified by the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) in Emergency Vehicle Operations and Off-Road EVOC instruction. He is also a California-certified Pursuit Intervention Technique (PIT) instructor, giving him extensive experience teaching advanced vehicle-control skills in demanding environments.
Before beginning his law enforcement career, Wes served four years in the United States Army's 82nd Airborne Division. He also holds a Bachelor's Degree in Organizational Behavior from the University of San Francisco.
Wes brings together decades of law enforcement field experience, professional EVOC instruction, advanced vehicle operations, military service, and off-road driver training. His extensive experience allows him to teach not simply how to negotiate difficult terrain, but how to approach off-road vehicle operations with the judgment, vehicle control, and risk-management mindset expected of professional emergency vehicle operators.
Wes has been teaching with The Driving Company since 2015, bringing that experience to both public safety and civilian off-road training.

Ron Waterman brings decades of fire-service, Emergency Vehicle Operations, heavy-vehicle, and professional driver-training experience to The Driving Company. He is a California POST-certified instructor with extensive expertise in Off-Road EVOC, vehicle recovery, winching, commercial vehicle operations, and emergency vehicle instruction.
Ron spent much of his fire-service career with the Sacramento Fire Department, including 15 years assigned full-time to the Training Division as an EVOC instructor. In addition to training firefighters and emergency vehicle operators, he was involved in both the practical application and written components of engineer promotional testing.
His instructional experience extends across multiple public-safety disciplines. Ron has also served as an Academy EVOC instructor for the Sacramento Police Department and Sacramento County Sheriff's Department, giving him extensive experience training both fire-service and law-enforcement emergency vehicle operators.
Ron played a major role in developing The Driving Company's Winching & Off-Road Vehicle Recovery curriculum and brings extensive practical knowledge of recovery equipment, rigging, recovery forces, winch operations, and safe vehicle-recovery techniques to TDC courses.
His recovery expertise extends beyond instruction. Ron has conducted product testing for off-road equipment manufacturers, giving him hands-on experience evaluating recovery and off-road equipment in practical applications. That experience contributes directly to TDC's approach to recovery training: understanding not only how equipment is used, but how it performs, how it should be rated and selected, and where its limitations may become important during an actual recovery operation.
Ron is certified by the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) in an unusually broad range of professional driver-training disciplines, including:
Ron is also recognized by the State of California as an expert in Commercial Vehicle Operations and has been certified by the California DMV to test drivers operating Class A and Class B commercial vehicles, including buses. His expertise also includes Class C trailer towing instruction, adding another dimension to an already extensive background in vehicle dynamics, large-vehicle operation, and professional driver training.
Ron brings an unusual depth of experience to The Driving Company: fire apparatus, law-enforcement EVOC, commercial vehicles, off-road operations, winching and recovery, motorcycles, towing, and advanced vehicle-control instruction.
For TDC students, particularly those learning off-road vehicle recovery or operating large emergency apparatus, that means learning from an instructor whose expertise extends far beyond recreational four-wheel driving.
Randy Jackson brings decades of fire-service, heavy-apparatus, EVOC, and professional driver-training experience to The Driving Company. He is particularly known for his calm, patient, and reassuring instructional style, an invaluable quality when teaching students to operate large fire apparatus in challenging off-road environments.
Randy spent the majority of his fire-service career with the Sacramento City Fire Department, where he served as an engineer for 23 years with assignments on both engines and trucks. That extensive apparatus experience gives him a practical understanding of vehicle size, weight transfer, clearance, traction, positioning, and the operational demands placed on firefighters driving heavy emergency vehicles.
Operating a large fire engine on steep, narrow, uneven, or low-traction terrain can be intimidating, particularly for personnel who don't regularly drive off road.
That's where Randy excels.
His patient instructional approach helps students slow the situation down, understand what the apparatus is doing, and work through difficult terrain one decision at a time.
Rather than simply directing a driver through an obstacle, Randy helps students understand vehicle placement, weight transfer, traction, spotting, clearance, and Mechanical Sympathy so they develop confidence based on knowledge rather than simply following instructions.
For firefighters learning to operate Type III engines and other wildland fire apparatus off road, that combination of extensive apparatus experience and a calm teaching style creates an especially effective learning environment.
Randy became involved in professional driver training in the early 1990s as a California DMV Class A and Class B examiner. He was also involved in the practical application components of multiple fire engineer promotional examinations.
He later worked full-time in Emergency Vehicle Operations training, providing professional driver instruction to both law-enforcement and fire-service personnel.
Randy is certified by the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) in multiple professional driver-training disciplines, including:
His background combines fire-service operations, decades of engine and truck experience, heavy-vehicle testing, professional EVOC instruction, off-road vehicle operations, and vehicle recovery.
Randy brings all of that experience to TDC with a teaching style that is particularly valuable in off-road training: Calm instruction. Clear communication. No unnecessary pressure. Give the student the knowledge and confidence to safely operate the vehicle.
Lloyd Ogan brings more than 35 years of fire-service experience, decades of professional EVOC instruction, and extensive expertise operating and teaching in large emergency vehicles. His career includes service as a firefighter, professional driver trainer, Strike Team Leader, Incident Commander, Deputy Fire Chief, and Fire Chief.
Lloyd spent more than 33 years with the Sacramento Fire Department, ultimately serving as Deputy Fire Chief. Following his retirement from Sacramento, he was appointed Fire Chief of the El Dorado County Fire District, continuing an extensive career in fire-service leadership and emergency operations.
He also serves as a fire department chaplain, continuing his involvement with and support of fire-service personnel.
Lloyd brings more than classroom knowledge to TDC's fire apparatus training.
As a Strike Team Leader, he has hands-on operational experience leading fire strike teams in off-road environments involving a variety of emergency vehicles, particularly Type III wildland fire engines. That experience gives him firsthand knowledge of the challenges crews encounter when taking heavy fire apparatus into remote and unimproved terrain during actual incidents.
Route selection, changing terrain, vehicle positioning, traction, clearance, weight transfer, communications, access and egress, and protecting the apparatus all become operational considerations when crews are trying to accomplish a mission rather than simply complete a driving exercise.
Lloyd understands those decisions because he has made them in the field. That real-world strike team experience is incorporated directly into his instruction, helping students understand not only how to operate a Type III engine off road, but how off-road vehicle operations fit into the larger mission of a wildland fire response.
Lloyd has extensive experience with large fire apparatus, commercial vehicles, and specialized emergency vehicles, making him particularly valuable when TDC conducts off-road training involving equipment considerably larger than a typical SUV or pickup.
A good example came when The Driving Company was selected to provide off-road driver training for fire personnel at Joint Base Lewis-McChord in Washington. Lloyd served as the primary instructor responsible for teaching firefighters how to safely operate an approximately 81,000-pound, 8x8 aircraft rescue and firefighting crash vehicle off road.
Training a driver to negotiate unimproved terrain in a vehicle of that size requires a deep understanding of vehicle dynamics, weight transfer, traction, clearance, route selection, braking, spotting, and Mechanical Sympathy. The consequences of poor judgment become considerably more significant when the training vehicle weighs more than 40 tons.
Lloyd brings that heavy-apparatus expertise, combined with his real-world strike team experience, directly into TDC's training of Type III wildland fire engines and other specialized emergency vehicles.
Lloyd has been involved in professional emergency vehicle instruction for more than three decades. He has served as a DMV Commercial Driver's License Trainer and Examiner since 1989 and began instructing Emergency Vehicle Operations for the fire service in the early 1990s. He has been a California POST-certified EVOC instructor since 1994 and is also certified in Off-Road EVOC and off-road vehicle instruction.
His experience isn't limited to teaching individual drivers.
In 1997, Lloyd partnered with the Sacramento Police Department and Sacramento County Sheriff's Department to help establish the Sacramento Regional Driver Training Facility. He subsequently served as the facility's Supervising EVOC Instructor, helping oversee professional emergency vehicle training for multiple public-safety disciplines.
Lloyd's understanding of emergency operations extends well beyond vehicle training.
In addition to his roles as Deputy Fire Chief, Fire Chief, and Strike Team Leader, Lloyd served as an Incident Commander on the Sacramento Regional Incident Command Team, providing leadership during complex emergency operations. That command experience brings an important perspective to off-road EVOC instruction.
Emergency vehicle operation isn't simply about getting a vehicle through difficult terrain. Drivers must understand how their decisions affect crew safety, apparatus availability, operational objectives, access and egress, and the overall emergency response.
Lloyd understands those considerations from multiple perspectives: behind the wheel, leading strike teams in the field, teaching professional drivers, and commanding emergency operations.
His combination of wildland fire and strike team experience, fire-service leadership, incident command, commercial driver training, professional EVOC instruction, and extensive heavy-apparatus expertise gives TDC students access to an instructor who understands what it takes to safely operate some of the largest and most specialized emergency vehicles in demanding off-road environments.
From Type III engines on wildland fire strike teams to an 81,000-pound 8x8 crash rig, Lloyd brings real-world heavy-apparatus experience to the training area.

Doug McKelvey brings more than 30 years of fire-service experience, extensive wildland incident-management expertise, and decades of professional and recreational off-road experience to The Driving Company. He retired from the Fremont Fire Department as Division Chief of Operations following a 32-year fire-service career.
Throughout his career, Doug was actively involved with the Fremont Fire Department's Training Division, where he taught off-road driving, Type III engine operations, Class B commercial vehicle driving, and other fire-service training programs.
Doug is a California POST-certified Off-Road EVOC Instructor and a California State Fire Marshal-certified instructor for Incident Command System (ICS) and Fire Command courses.
Doug brings extensive real-world experience managing operations in complex wildland fire environments.
His qualifications and assignments have included:
Doug also spent more than 10 years as a Safety Officer with the U.S. Forest Service Interagency Incident Management Team 1, providing safety leadership during complex incident operations. That background brings an important operational perspective to TDC's off-road EVOC and wildland fire apparatus training. Doug understands that operating a Type III or Type VI engine off road isn't simply a driving exercise. Apparatus placement, route selection, access and egress, changing fire conditions, crew safety, terrain, vehicle limitations, and the ability to preserve an escape route can all become part of a much larger operational decision. His experience allows him to connect off-road driving skills with the realities of wildland fire operations and incident management.
Doug has extensive off-road experience operating Type III and Type VI fire engines, as well as Jeeps, SUVs, pickups, and other light 4x4 vehicles. His combination of field experience and professional instruction gives students an understanding of how vehicle dynamics change as vehicles become larger, heavier, and more specialized.
For fire-service students, Doug brings firsthand knowledge of wildland apparatus operations, vehicle positioning, terrain assessment, traction management, clearance, weight transfer, Mechanical Sympathy, and operational decision-making in off-road environments. He has both operated these vehicles and taught other firefighters how to operate them.
Doug's off-road experience doesn't end when he's off duty. As a longtime recreational off-road enthusiast, Doug spent nearly 10 years as a volunteer trail guide for Jeep Jamboree USA on California's legendary Rubicon Trail, one of the best-known and most challenging 4x4 trails in the country. Guiding drivers through the Rubicon requires more than knowing how to drive your own vehicle. It requires the ability to read terrain, select appropriate lines, spot other drivers, evaluate different vehicle capabilities, communicate clearly, and help drivers safely negotiate technical obstacles.
That experience gives Doug an unusual perspective that translates particularly well to The Driving Company's civilian programs. He understands both sides of off-road vehicle operations: the professional world of emergency response and wildland fire apparatus, and the recreational world of Jeeps, 4x4s, technical trails, and overland travel.
Doug's combination of fire-service command experience, wildland incident management, professional off-road EVOC instruction, Type III and Type VI apparatus expertise, and years guiding drivers on the Rubicon Trail brings an exceptional range of real-world experience to every TDC course he teaches.

Rich MacDonald joined The Driving Company instructor team in 2026, bringing 30 years of fire-service experience, command leadership, and professional driver-training expertise to TDC. His career included service as a Battalion Chief, with leadership responsibilities involving operations, training, personnel development, safety, and organizational readiness. Rich has extensive experience developing and delivering firefighter driver/operator training, with an emphasis on risk management, sound decision-making, vehicle operations, and preparing firefighters to safely perform in demanding environments.
Rich teaches Off-Road EVOC for The Driving Company, bringing three decades of fire-service operational and leadership experience directly into the off-road training environment. His experience in both on-road emergency vehicle operations and off-road EVOC gives him a broad understanding of the challenges fire departments face when developing safe, competent emergency vehicle operators.
One of Rich's strengths as an instructor is his ability to take complex concepts and make them clear, practical, and immediately usable. His teaching style emphasizes calm instruction, sound judgment, risk recognition, and understanding the reason behind a technique rather than simply memorizing a procedure. Those qualities are particularly valuable in off-road EVOC, where drivers must continually assess terrain, traction, vehicle capabilities, changing conditions, and operational risk rather than simply follow a predetermined path.
Rich's years in command and training roles also give him an understanding of the larger objective behind professional driver training: developing personnel who can make good decisions when an instructor isn't standing beside them.
Rich may be the newest member of The Driving Company instructor team, but he certainly isn't new to professional training or the fire service. He arrived at TDC with 30 years of fire-service experience, command-level leadership, extensive driver/operator training experience, and a career spent developing firefighters and managing operational risk. That's indicative of the standard we maintain for the entire TDC instructor team.
At The Driving Company, even our newest instructor brings three decades of professional public-safety experience to the training area.

John Raabe was an integral part of The Driving Company from its beginning in 2003. More than an instructor, John helped build TDC during its formative years, sharing the workload, experience, and commitment required to turn an idea into the professional training organization it is today.
Without John's contribution, getting The Driving Company off the ground would have required an immeasurably greater effort. His role in our history cannot be overstated, and his influence remains part of the company today.
John brought more than 30 years of law enforcement experience and over 20 years of professional driver-training experience to TDC. He served as a Lead EVOC Instructor for the South Bay Regional Academy at the College of San Mateo and was a California POST-certified instructor. He was trained in Off-Road EVOC and dignitary-protection driving and was recognized by the State of California as an expert in Emergency Vehicle Operations and off-road vehicle training.
Over the course of his instructional career, John trained thousands of students, sharing the knowledge, judgment, and practical experience developed through decades in law enforcement and professional driver training.
When The Driving Company began in 2003, John was there. Starting a professional training company required far more than developing a curriculum and finding a place to drive. It required instructors willing to put in the time, solve problems, establish professional standards, build relationships with agencies, and do whatever needed to be done while the company found its footing.
John was one of those people.
For many years, he taught alongside Dave Storton and helped establish the professional instructional standards and philosophy that continue to define The Driving Company.
John retired from instruction in 2020 after many years of teaching with TDC, but his contribution didn't end when he taught his last class. The organization he helped build continued forward.
John passed away in 2025. He was an exceptional instructor, a trusted colleague, and a dear friend to many of us. We keep him on this page because the story of The Driving Company would be incomplete without him.
The instructors and students who came later may not all have had the opportunity to work with John, but they continue to benefit from what he helped create.
John Raabe helped build The Driving Company. We remain grateful for his friendship, his years of instruction, and the enormous contribution he made to everything TDC became. He is deeply missed.